The esraj is an Indian stringed instrument found in two forms throughout the Indian subcontinent. It is a relatively recent instrument, being only about 300 years old. It is found in North India, primarily Punjab, where it is used in Sikh music and Hindustani classical compositions and in West Bengal. The esraj is a modern variant of the dilruba, differing slightly in structure.

The Rudra veena (also spelled Rudraveena or Rudra vina)—also called Bīn in North India—is a large plucked string instrument used in Hindustani classical music, especially dhrupad. It is one of the major types of veena played in Indian classical music, notable for its deep bass resonance.

यह दो प्रकार का होता है- छोटा व बड़ा। छोटे नगाड़े के साथ एक नगाड़ी भी होती है। बड़ा नगाड़ा नौबत की तरह ही होता है। यह बड़े व भारी डंडों से बजाया जाने वाला कढाई के आकार का लोहे का एक बडा नगाडा होता है। इसे 'बम, दमाम या टापक' भी कहते हैं। इसे बजाने के लिए वादक लकड़ी के दो डंडे का प्रयोग करते हैं। नगाड़े को लोकनाट्यों व विवाह व मांगलिक उत्सव में शहनाई के साथ बजाया जाता है। इसे युद्ध के समय भी बजाया जाता था।

Pandit Balwant Rai Bhatt (23 September 1921 – 2 May 2016) was a noted Indian composer and musician of Hindustani Vocal Music.He was also known as Bhavrang (भावरंग). He died at his home in Varanasi on 2 May 2016.

Early life and background
Balwant Rai Bhatt was born in Bhavnagar, Gujarat to Smt. Harkunvar and Shri Gulabrai Bhatt on 23 September 1921

Pandit Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande (10 August 1860 – 19 September 1936) was an Indian musicologist who wrote the first modern treatise on Hindustani classical music, an art which had been propagated for acenturies mostly through oral traditions. During those earlier times, the art had undergone several changes, rendering the raga grammar documented in scant old outdated texts.