दीनानाथ मंगेशकर

दीनानाथ मंगेशकर' (29 दिसंबर 1900 -24 अप्रैल 1942) एक प्रसिद्ध मराठी थिएटर अभिनेता, प्रसिद्ध नाट्य संगीत संगीतकार और हिन्दुस्तानी शास्त्रीय संगीतज्ञ एवं गायक थे। वे जाने-माने गायकों लता मंगेशकर, आशा भोसले ,मीणा खड़ीकर ,उषा मंगेशकर और संगीतकार हृदयनाथ मंगेशकर के पिता भी थे।

इनका जन्म 29 दिसम्बर 1900 को , गोवा में [मंगेशी ] [मंगेशी गांव] में हुआ था। दीनानाथ मंगेशकर, दीना के नाम से लोकप्रिय थे  उनके पिता, गणेश भट्ट नवाथे (अभिषेकी ), एक कर्हाडे ब्राह्मण थे तथा प्रसिद्ध मंगेशी मंदिर गोवा में पुजारी थे। इनके परिवार का मूल उपनाम "हार्डिकर " था चूँकि इनके परिवार को मंगेशी मंदिर के शिवलिंग के लिए अभिषेक का पारंपरिक सौभाग्य प्राप्त हुआ था अतः उन्हें "अभिषेकी" उपनाम से भी जाना जाने लगा था। हालांकि, दीनानाथ ने अपने पिता के परिवार के दोनो उपनामों को नहीं अपनाया। इसका कारण यह था कि उनकी माँ येसुबाई राणे , गोवा के देवदासी समुदाय से थी ,  जो अब गोमांतक मराठा समाज के रूप में जाना जाता है। चूंकि वे परिवार सहित गोवा के मंगेशी गांव में रहते थे,और दीनानाथ वहाँ पैदा हुए थे , अतः उन्होंने अपना उपनाम "मंगेशकर," जिसका अर्थ था "मंगेश द्वारा " अपनाया जो संयोग से, मंगेश देवता ,मंगेशी मंदिर के देवता का नाम भी है।

प्रसिद्ध भारतीय गायक जीतेंद्र अभिषेकी के पिता ,दीनानाथ के सौतेले भाई थे।

दीनानाथ मंगेशकर पांच साल की उम्र में श्री बाबा माशेलकर से गायन और संगीत की शिक्षा लेने लगे थे तथा ग्वालियर संगीत विद्यालय के छात्र भी रहे। वे ज्ञानाचार्य पंडित रामकृष्ण बुआ वझे की विविधता पूर्ण और आक्रामक गायन शैली से मोहित हुए और उनके शागिर्द बन गए। अपनी जवानी में उन्होंने बीकानेर की यात्रा की और किराना घराना के पंडित सुखदेव प्रसाद,पंडित मणि प्रसादके पिता ,से शास्त्रीय संगीत में औपचारिक प्रशिक्षण लिया। व वे 11 साल की उम्र में किर्लोस्कर संगीत मंडली और किर्लोस्कर नाटक मंडली में शामिल हो गए थे कालांतर में उन्होंने किर्लोस्कर मंडली छोड़ दी और अपने दोस्तों ,चिंतामन राव कोल्हटकर और कृष्णराव कोल्हापुरे के साथ बलवंत मंडली का गठन किया। इस नए समूह था गडकरी का आशीर्वाद प्राप्त था , लेकिन समूह के गठन के कुछ ही समय बाद गडकरी की मृत्यु (जनवरी 1919) हो गई।

दीनानाथ अपने सौंदर्य और मधुर आवाज से मराठी रंगमंच में लोकप्रियता के शिखर तक पहुचे। उनकी लोकप्रियता इतनी थी की तब के विशाल मराठी मंच, बाल गंधर्व ने सार्वजनिक रूप से घोषणा की कि वह अपने संगठन में प्रवेश के समय दीनानाथ का स्वागत "उनके पैरों के नीचे रुपया व सिक्कों के एक कालीन से" करेंगे 1935 की अवधि के दौरान उन्होंने 3 फिल्मों का निर्माण किया , उनमें से एक कृष्णार्जुन युद्ध भी थी। यह दोनों ,हिन्दी और मराठी,भाषा में बनाई गई थी और इसका एक गीत दीनानाथ द्वारा गाया और उन्ही पर फिल्माया गया था। दीनानाथ ने पंडित रामकृष्ण वझे के सानिध्य में भारतीय शास्त्रीय संगीत का अध्ययन किया। उन्होंने ज्योतिष का भी अध्ययन किया।

अपने ज्योतिष और अंक ज्योतिष ज्ञानानुसार उनका मानना था कि ५ अक्षर का नाम एवं तीसरे अक्षर पर अनुस्वार वाला नाटक उन के लिए भाग्यशाली था। उदाहरण: Ranadundubhi (रणदुंदुभी), Rajsanyas (राजसंन्यास), Deshkantak (देशकंटक)।

वे पहले संगीतकार थे जिन्होंने शिमला में ब्रिटिश वायसराय की उपस्थिति में ,खुले तौर पर विनायक दामोदर सावरकर द्वारा लिखे गीत का गायन और प्रदर्शन किया जो ब्रिटिश साम्राज्य की अवहेलना करने के लिए किया गया था।

दीनानाथ द्वारा निर्देशित एवं वझे बुआ की देशभक्ति सामग्री द्वारा रचित गीत एवं नाटक ,अपनी विलक्षण प्रस्तुति के कारण जनता के बीच बेहद लोकप्रिय थे।

Pt. Deenanath Mangeshkar (29 December 1900 – 24 April 1942) was a well-known Marathi theatre actor, a Natya Sangeet musician and a Hindustani classical vocalist. He is also the father of well-known singers Lata Mangeshkar, Asha Bhosle, Meena Khadikar and Usha Mangeshkar as well as composer Hridaynath Mangeshkar.

Background
Pt. Deenanath Mangeshkar, popularly known as Dina, was born at Mangeshi, Portuguese India (present-day Goa on 29 December 1900.[His father, Ganesh Bhatt Navathe Hardikar (Abhisheki),[was a married Karhade Brahmin who served as priest at the famous Mangueshi Temple in Goa. His mother Yesubai was his father's mistress belonging to the Devadasi community of Goa,[1] which is now known as Gomantak Maratha Samaj. Since Deenanath was illegitimate (he did not inherit his father's Brahmin caste [ and born in Mangeshi village, he later, in his teens, adopted the surname "Mangeshkar," which means "of Mangesh." Mangesh is also the name of the deity worshipped in the Mangueshi Temple.

As a Devadasi, Yesubai often sang and danced at temple events and festivals. She is said to have had an unerring genius for music. Deenanath's father's surname was Hardikar, whose family performed the Abhishekam (ritual bathing) of the lingam of Shiva at Mangueshi Temple, thus they were known as Abhishekis.[5] The father of the Indian vocalist Jitendra Abhisheki was Deenanath's half-brother.

Career
Deenanath Mangeshkar started taking singing and music lessons from Shri Baba Mashelkar at the age of five. He was also to become a disciple at Gwalior school. He was fascinated by the variety and aggressive style of Gayanacharya Pundit Ramkrishna bua Vaze and became gandabandh shagird. In his youth, he travelled to Bikaner and took formal training in classical music from Pundit Sukhdev Prasad, father of Pundit Mani Prasad, of the Kirana Gharana. He joined the Kirloskar Sangeet Mandali and the Kirloskar Natak Mandali at the age of 11. Later, he left Kirloskar Mandali, and formed Balwant Mandali with his friends Chintamanrao Kolhatkar and Krishnarao Kolhapure. This new group had Gadkari's blessing, but shortly after the group was formed; Gadkari died in January 1919.

Deenanath's good looks and melodious voice won him popularity in the Marathi theatre. So much so that the then giant of the Marathi stage, Bal Gandharva publicly declared that he would welcome the entry of Deenanath in his organisation "by throwing a carpet of rupee coins under his feet".

During the period of 1935, he produced 3 films, one of them being Krishnarjun Yuddha. It was made in both Hindi and Marathi, and a song from it, sung by and filmed on Deenanath. Deenanath also studied Indian classical music under Ramkrishna Vaze. He also studied astrology.

Partly out of his interest in astrology and numerology, he believed that dramas with 5 letters, with anuswar (diacritical) on the third letter, were lucky for him. Examples : Ranadundubhi (रणदुंदुभी), Rajsanyas (राजसंन्यास), Deshkantak (देशकंटक).

The dramas produced by Deenanath were extremely popular amongst the masses due to his masterly presentation of the songs composed by Vaze Bua and the patriotic content.

Personal life
First marriage
Deenanath's first wife was Narmada (later renamed "Shrimati" by her in-laws). She was the daughter of Seth Haridas Ramdas Lad – a prosperous businessman of the town of Thalner (between Dhule and Jalgaon (Khandesh), Maharashtra. Deenanath and Narmada were married in 1922. Deenanath changed his wife's name to "Shrimati". She was 19 at the time and Deenanath was 21.

They had a daughter named Latika, who died in her infancy. Deenanath's wife died shortly thereafter.

Second marriage
Deenanath's second wife was his first wife's sister. Her name was Shevanti. Some sources claim that Deenanath named his second wife "Shrimati" as well.

The marriage of Deenanath and Shevanti was solemnised at a quiet ceremony within the house in 1927. Shevanti's mother chose not to attend.

Deenanath and his second wife had five children: Lata, Meena, Asha, Usha, and Hridaynath.

Their first child was named Hema. But Deenanath called her Lata in memory of his deceased daughter. The name stuck and it is by that name that his legendary eldest daughter, Lata Mangeshkar, is known today.

See above

Death

Mangeshkar on a 1993 stamp of India
Deenanath took to alcohol during the days of financial hardship in 1930s. After being ill for a few weeks, he died in Pune in April 1942. He was only 41 at the time of his death.

His family has erected a Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital and research centre in his name in Pune.

Theatrical productions
Some of his theatrical productions, in which he sang and starred too, are

Manapaman (मानापमान) (written by K.P. Khadilkar)
Ranadundubhi (रणदुंदुभी) (written by Veer Vamanrao Joshi) Music composed by Vaze buwa
Punyaprabhaav (पुण्यप्रभाव)
Sanyasta Khadga (संन्यस्तखड्ग) (written by Veer Savarkar) Music composed by Vaze buwa
Rajsanyaas (राजसंन्यास) (written by Ram Ganesh Gadkari)
Deshkantak (देशकंटक)
Ram Rajya Viyog (रामराज्य वियोग)